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Somali Alphabet & Vocabulary

Learn letters with real word examples

Vowels (Shaqalka)

Somali has both short and long vowels. Long vowels are written as double letters and held longer when spoken.

A
ab father (aabo)
E
eey dog (eey)
I
il eye (indho)
O
od run (orodo)
U
ul stick (ul)
AA
aabe father (aabe)
Long Vowel
EE
beer liver (beer)
Long Vowel
II
biir nail (biir)
Long Vowel
OO
hooyo mother (hooyo)
Long Vowel
UU
buug book (buug)
Long Vowel

Consonants (Shibanaha)

B
baabuur car (baabuur)
T
timir date (timir)
J
jeer time (jeer)
X
xaax chalk (xaax)
KH
khayr good (khayr)
D
daar house (daar)
R
rooti bread (rooti)
S
samo sky (samo)
SH
shaah tea (shaah)
Special
DH
dhagax stone (dhagax)
Special
C
caano milk (caano)
G
geed tree (geed)
F
far finger (far)
Q
qorax sun (qorax)
K
kursi chair (kursi)
L
lo cattle (lo)
M
miis table (miis)
N
nin man (nin)
W
waraabe hyena (waraabe)
H
hilib meat (hilib)
Y
yar small (yar)

Short vs Long Vowel Examples

Notice how the meaning changes with vowel length!

il eye (indho) Short I
vs
iil tear (ilmo) Long II
hoyo stay (joog) Short O
vs
hooyo mother (hooyo) Long OO
bar teach (bar) Short A
vs
baar investigate (baadh) Long AA